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Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has been widely used in the research of brain-computer interface (BCI) system in recent years. The advantages of SSVEP-BCI system include high classification accuracy, fast information transform rate and strong anti-interference ability. Most of the traditional researches induce SSVEP responses in low and middle frequency bands as control signals. However, SSVEP in this frequency band may cause visual fatigue and even induce epilepsy in subjects. In contrast, high-frequency SSVEP-BCI provides a more comfortable and natural interaction despite its lower amplitude and weaker response. Therefore, it has been widely concerned by researchers in recent years. This paper summarized and analyzed the related research of high-frequency SSVEP-BCI in the past ten years from the aspects of paradigm and algorithm. Finally, the application prospect and development direction of high-frequency SSVEP were discussed and prospected.
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Humans , Brain-Computer Interfaces , Evoked Potentials, Visual , AlgorithmsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of chorionic villus cells karyotype analysis in prenatal diagnosis during the first tri-mester of pregnancy.Methods Pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis indications were punctured by guiding abdominal B-mode ultrasound to get villi tissue which was then to develop cell culture,chromosome preparation and karyotype analysis.Results A to-tal of 1 140 cases were successfully cultured,and the successful cultivating rate was 98.2% (1 140/1 160).Among them,chromo-somes of 62 cases were detected to be non-polymorphic structural abnormalities,including 32 abnormal chromosome number,5 chro-mosome balanced translocation,3 chromosome deletion,and 22 chimeras.What′s more,20 cases were detected to be chromosomal inversion,19 cases of chromosome 9 were inversion,and one with chromosome Y was inversion.Conclusion Karyotype analysis of villus cell could help to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities during early pregnancy and get early intervention.It was significant to reduce the child′s birth with chromosome abnormalities.
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Objective To investigate prevalence of nutritional status of children and adolescents of school age in the poor region with many ethnic groups of Western regions of China. Methods In September 2006, we performed a health check?up for 2 475 students of a primary school and a middle school from many ethnic groups in Rongshui, Guangxi; 1 163 boys (46.99%) and 1 362 girls (53.01%) participated in this study, including 4 main ethnic groups: Han (848 participants, 34.26%), Miao (736 participants, 29.74%), Zhuang (415 participants, 16.77%) and Dong (341 participants, 13.78%), and prevalence of obesity and malnutrition for the population were surveyed. Results The prevalence rates of overweight among male and female children/adolescents of school age were 3.01%and 3.66%, respectively;and the prevalence rates of obesity were 1.55%and 0.76%, respectively. In 4 main ethnic groups of Han, Miao, Zhuang and Dong, the prevalence rates of overweight were 2.59%, 4.76%, 2.89% and 2.93%, respectively; while the prevalence rates of obesity were 1.89%, 0.27%, 0.96%and 1.17%, respectively. The prevalence rates of malnutrition among male and female children/adolescents of school age were 5.59%and 3.35%, respectively;while the prevalence rates of malnutrition in 4 main ethnic groups of Han, Miao, Zhuang and Dong were 6.96%, 2.17%, 5.54% and 2.64%, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents of school age in Rongshui were relatively low, while the prevalence rates of malnutrition is similar to the average level of China.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the status and genotypes of Hb H disease in GuangXi area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human genomic DNA of 50 377 suspected thalassemia patients was extracted from blood, amniotic fluid and chorionic villi by beads. The deletion of α-thalassemia was detected by Gap-PCR, and the gene mutation of α or β-thalassemia was detected by PCR- RDB. Performing multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification detection and gene sequencing in α or β-globin for the specimens in question.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 1 571 Hb H disease patients in total from 2011 to 2013, and the detection rates were 2.82%, 3.54% and 3.00% respectively. The vast majority of patients had the Southeast Asian deletion (--(SEA)) on one allele. The - α³·⁷ (rightward) deletion was the most common on the other allele, followed by Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS), the -α(4.2) (leftward) deletion, Hb Westmead (Hb WS) and Hb Quong Sze (Hb QS) mutations. There were 33 Hb H disease patients which genotypes was α(CS)α/α (CS)α. Five patients had THAI deletion(--(THAI)) with deletion or point mutation of α-thalassemia. 95 patients had concomitant β-thalassemia (β-thal) heterozygosity. Tere was a novel genotype of --(SEA)/-α²¹·⁹ causing Hb H disease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GuangXi area had a high accidence of Hb H disease, the results reflected the genetic diversity and genetic heterogeneity of Hb H disease, the latter may also occur new mutations or combined β-thalassemia, some effective measures should be taken to strengthen screening efforts to prevent underdiagnosis of Hb H disease.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Young Adult , Asian People , Genetics , China , Genotype , alpha-Thalassemia , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the detection rate and gene distribution characteristic of deletional α-thalassemia in Guangxi area, and to provide theoretic basis for thalassemia gene diagnosis and genetic counseling.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The regular gene diagnosis of 3 types of α-thal (-- (SEA),- α(3.7),- α(4.2)) was performed by gap-PCR, multiple ligation probe and gene sequencing for globin α or β were used to detect those samples whose genotype and phenotype were not consistent. And the distribution characteristic of α-thalassemia gene in Guangxi area was then analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 51 191 suspected thalassemia patients, there were 19 853 cases of deletional a-thalassemia, accounted for 39.9% in total positive rate, including 19 780 cases of regular types(--(SEA), - α(3.7), - α(4.2)), 61 cases of Thailand-type deletion, 9 cases of triplet type (Hong Kong) (ααα(HK)), 1 case of 21.9 kb deletion type and 2 cases of 809 bp deletion type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Types of deletional a-thalassemia were complex and accounted for large proportion in Guangxi area. Special gene diagnoses were needed for those couples whose genotype and phenotype were not consistent, in order to provide reliable basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Genotype , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Deletion , alpha-Thalassemia , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the occurrence of regular and rare types of beta thalassemia in Guangxi,and to reduce the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Methods Between Jan 2010 and Dec 2013,42 770 patients (20 740 males and 22 030 females,one month to fifty-four years old) from Maternal and Child Healthy Hospital of Guangxi,who were suspected with thalassemia were involved in this study.All these patients were went through the following screening tests:routine blood cell count,hemoglobin electrophoresis test,and serum iron and ferritin tests.Positive patients in the screening test would be taken gene diagnosis with regular reverse dot blot (RDB) method; negative patients in gene diagnosis but positive in the screening test would be under the test of beta globin gene sequencing.Results Totally 28 101 patients were confirmed with thalassemia from 42 770 suspected patients,including 10 891 patients with beta thalassemia,49 patients were homozygous,10 718 patients were heterozygote,and 124 patients were compound heterozygous.After beta globin gene sequencing test,14 regular mutations in people of south China and 7 rare types mutations were detected,the detection rate of rare type of beta thalassemia was 17.949％ (7/39).Conclusions Mutation spectrum of beta thalassemia in Guangxi is complex.Gene diagnosis of rare type thalassemia needs to be done in patients with phenotypes of thalassemia and negative of regular gene diagnosis,in order to reduce misdiagnosis,and improve accuracy of clinical diagnosis.
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Objective To explore the association of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PPARGC1) Gly482Ser with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) variations in longevity (aged above 90 yrs) Hans in Guangxi Yongfu and to explore the potential association between the variations and metabolic traits.Methods Based on our survey in Guangxi Yongfu in 2008-2011,212 elderly cases (aged 90～105 years) were included as longevity group and 207 cases without longevity history were included as control group.By household survey,we collected the longevity related parameters,blood glucose,blood lipid,blood pressure and other related metabolic traits.Peripheral blood was collected to extract DNA,the gene variations of Gly482Ser and ApoE were genotyped,and the database with genome and traits information were set up.By univariate analysis and multivariate genetic statistical analysis,the association between the variations and longevity and metabolic traits was assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were lower in the longevity group.Gly482Ser was genotyped in all samples and fully fulfilled the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.After the Bonferroni correction,recessive model failed to find association between GG genotype and longevity.Stratified analyses by ApoEε4 allele revealed that,in the subgroup with no ApoEε4,PPARGC-1 GG genotype was positively associated with longevity in the recessive model,even after Bonferroni correction (OR =1.72,P＜0.05).In addition,longevity group with Gly482Ser GG genotype seemed to have relativelower fasting blood glucose (P ＜ 0.05) and higher high density lipoprotein levels (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Longevity Hans in Guangxi Yongfu preserve better metabolic state compared with the control group.GG genotype of Gly482Ser in PPARGC-1 is positively associated with longevity,which depends on not carrying the risk allele of ApoE ε4.